Kusungirako mphamvu ndi gawo lofunikira komanso ukadaulo wothandizirana ndi gridi yanzeru, mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso zamphamvu zochulukirapo, intaneti yamagetsi.batire mphamvu yosungirako ntchito ndi yosinthika.malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, kuchuluka komwe kumayikidwa ndikuyika ntchito yosungira mphamvu ya batire padziko lonse lapansi pakati pa 2000 ndi 2017 ndi 2.6 giva, ndipo mphamvu ikakhala 4.1 giva, chiwongola dzanja chapachaka ndi 30% ndi 52%, motsatana.Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapindula ndi kukula kofulumira kwa kusungirako mphamvu za batri ndi zovuta zotani zomwe zimakumana nazo?Yankho laperekedwa mu lipoti laposachedwa la deloitte, zovuta komanso mwayi pamsika wapadziko lonse wosungira batire.Timajambula mfundo zofunika mu lipoti kwa owerenga.
Chinthu choyendetsa msika chosungira mphamvu za batri
1. kuwongolera kwamitengo ndi magwiridwe antchito
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosungiramo mphamvu yakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri, chifukwa chiyani kusungirako mphamvu za batri kuli kokulirapo?Yankho lodziwikiratu kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa mtengo ndi ntchito zake, zomwe zimakhala zodziwika kwambiri m'mabatire a lithiamu-ion.Nthawi yomweyo, kukwera kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion kwapindulanso ndi msika wokulirapo wamagalimoto amagetsi.
2. grid yamakono
Mayiko ambiri akugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu opititsa patsogolo ma gridi kuti athe kupirira zovuta zanyengo, kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwadongosolo komwe kumakhudzana ndi ukalamba komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito.Mapulaniwa nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo kutumizidwa kwa matekinoloje anzeru mkati mwa ma gridi okhazikika kuti akwaniritse kulumikizana kwanjira ziwiri komanso makina apamwamba owongolera digito, kuphatikiza mphamvu zogawidwa.
Kukula kwa kusungirako mphamvu za batri sikungasiyanitsidwe ndi zoyesayesa zomwe zapangidwa kuti zizindikire kusinthika kwa gridi yamagetsi.Gridi ya digito imathandizira kutenga nawo gawo kwa ogula pakukonza dongosolo lanzeru, kukonza zolosera komanso kudzikonza, ndikutsegulira njira yoyendetsera dongosolo lokwera.Zonsezi zimatsegula malo osungira mphamvu za batri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phindu powonjezera mphamvu, kumeta nsonga, kapena kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi.Ngakhale ukadaulo wanzeru udakhalapo kwakanthawi, kuwonekera kwa batire yosungira mphamvu kumathandizira kukulitsa mphamvu zake zonse.
3. Kampeni Yapadziko Lonse Yamagetsi Otsitsimutsa
Mfundo zowonjezereka zothandizira mphamvu zowonjezereka komanso kuchepetsa utsi zikuyendetsanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosungira mphamvu za batri padziko lonse lapansi.Udindo wofunikira wa mabatire pakuchepetsa mphamvu yapakatikati ya mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi kuchepetsa mpweya ukuwonekera.Kukula ndi kufalikira kwa mitundu yonse ya ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi kuthamangitsa mphamvu zoyera kukukulabe.Izi zimawonekera makamaka m'mabizinesi ndi m'magulu aboma.izi zimalengeza chitukuko chokhazikika cha mphamvu zowonjezereka ndipo zikhoza kupitirizabe kusungirako mphamvu za batri kuti zithandizire kugwirizanitsa mphamvu zogawidwa.
4. kutenga nawo mbali m'misika yamagetsi yamagetsi
Kusungirako mphamvu ya batri kungathandize kuti ma gridi olumikizidwa ndi magetsi azikhala bwino komanso kuti magetsi azikhala bwino.Izi zikuwonetsa kuti pali mwayi wowonjezereka wosungira mphamvu za batri kutenga nawo gawo pamsika wamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi.Pafupifupi maiko onse omwe tawasanthula akusintha msika wawo wamba kuti apange malo osungira mphamvu za batri kuti apereke mphamvu ndi ntchito zina monga kuwongolera pafupipafupi komanso kuwongolera magetsi.ngakhale mapulogalamuwa akadali mu gawo loyambirira, onse apindula mosiyanasiyana.
Akuluakulu a dziko akuchulukirachulukira kuchitapo kanthu kuti apereke mphotho yopereka mphamvu yosungira mphamvu ya batri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a gridi.Mwachitsanzo, National Energy Commission ku Chile yalemba ndondomeko yatsopano yoyendetsera ntchito zothandizira zomwe zimazindikira zopereka zomwe machitidwe osungira mphamvu za batri angapereke;Italy yatsegulanso msika wake wothandizira ntchito ngati woyendetsa ntchito zongowonjezera mphamvu ndi mphamvu zosungiramo mphamvu kuti zikhazikitsidwe ngati gawo la ntchito yokonzanso zowongolera.
5. zolimbikitsa zachuma
m'mayiko omwe tidaphunzira, zolimbikitsa zachuma zomwe boma limapereka ndalama zikuwonetseranso chidziwitso chowonjezeka pakati pa opanga ndondomeko za ubwino wa njira zosungira mphamvu za batri pazitsulo zonse zamtengo wapatali.M'kafukufuku wathu, zolimbikitsazi sizinaphatikizepo kuchuluka kwa ndalama za batri zomwe zabwezeredwa kapena kubwezeredwa mwachindunji kudzera mu kuchotsera msonkho, komanso thandizo la ndalama kudzera mu zopereka kapena ndalama zothandizira.Mwachitsanzo, Italy inapereka 50% mpumulo wa msonkho kwa zipangizo zosungiramo nyumba mu 2017;South Korea, njira yosungiramo mphamvu yomwe idayikidwa ndi thandizo la boma mu theka loyamba la 2017, idachulukitsa mphamvu ndi 89 MW , 61.8% kuyambira nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha.
6.FIT kapena Net Electricity Settlement Policy
Chifukwa ogula ndi mabizinesi amayesa kupeza njira zopezera phindu lalikulu kuchokera ku ndalama za solar photovoltaic, kubwerera kumbuyo kwa ndondomeko ya solar power grid tariff subsidy policy (FIT) kapena ndondomeko yothetsa magetsi ku net kumakhala chinthu chomwe chimayendetsa kukonzanso kosungirako mphamvu yakumbuyo ya mita.Izi zimachitika ku Australia, Germany, United Kingdom ndi Hawaii.
Ngakhale izi sizichitika padziko lonse lapansi, ndikutha kwa mfundo za FIT, ogwiritsa ntchito ma solar adzagwiritsa ntchito mabatire ngati chida chometa pachimake kuti apereke chithandizo chothandizira monga kukhazikika kwa gridi kwamakampani othandizira anthu.
7. chikhumbo chofuna kudzikwaniritsa
Chikhumbo chokulirapo cha ogula okhala ndi mphamvu zokhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zakhala mphamvu yodabwitsa yomwe ikuyendetsa kutumizidwa kwa malo osungira mphamvu kumbuyo kwa mita.masomphenya amenewa penapake mafuta magetsi mita backend msika pafupifupi onse a mayiko tikambirana, kusonyeza kuti chilimbikitso kugula machitidwe yosungirako mphamvu si ndalama mwangwiro.
8. ndondomeko za dziko
kwa ogulitsa mphamvu zosungira mphamvu za batri, ndondomeko zomwe boma linayambitsa pofuna kulimbikitsa zolinga zosiyanasiyana zimawapatsa mwayi wambiri.Mayiko ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kusungirako mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi njira yatsopano yowathandizira kuchepetsa kudalira kwawo kutulutsa mphamvu kuchokera kunja, kukonza kudalirika ndi kulimba kwa machitidwe amagetsi, ndikupita ku zolinga zachilengedwe ndi decarbonization.
Kupititsa patsogolo kasungidwe ka magetsi kumapindulanso ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu zokhudzana ndi kukula kwa mizinda ndi moyo wabwino m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene.Mwachitsanzo, India's Smart Cities Initiative imagwiritsa ntchito njira yopikisana kuti ithandizire kutumizidwa kwa matekinoloje anzeru m'mizinda 100 m'dziko lonselo.Cholinga chake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magetsi akupezeka mokwanira komanso kuti chilengedwe chisamawonongeke.magalimoto amagetsi, mphamvu zowonjezereka komanso kusungirako mphamvu za batri ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti tikwaniritse zolingazi.
Mavuto amtsogolo
Ngakhale oyendetsa msika akuchulukirachulukira ndikuyendetsa kusungirako mphamvu patsogolo, zovuta zidakalipo.
1. Kusauka kwachuma
monga teknoloji iliyonse, kusungirako mphamvu ya batri sikumakhala kopanda ndalama, ndipo mtengo wake nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera kwambiri pa ntchito inayake.vuto ndiloti ngati malingaliro okwera mtengo ali olakwika, kusungirako mphamvu ya batri kungakhale kopanda malire poganizira njira zosungira mphamvu.
Ndipotu, mtengo wosungira mphamvu ya batri ukugwa mofulumira.Ganizirani zaposachedwa za Xcel Energy tender, yomwe ikuwonetsa modabwitsa kukula kwa mitengo ya batri komanso momwe zimakhudzira mtengo wadongosolo, zomwe zidafika pachimake pamtengo wa $ 36 / mw kwa ma cell a solar photovoltaic ndi $ 21 / mw kwa ma cell amphepo.Mtengowu udapanga mbiri yatsopano ku United States.
Zikuyembekezeka kuti mtengo waukadaulo wa batri wokha komanso mtengo wofananira magawo adongosolo udzapitilira kutsika mtengo.Ngakhale matekinoloje ofunikirawa sali okakamiza ngati omwe amadetsa nkhawa, ndi ofunikira ngati batri palokha ndipo amatsogolera kutsika kwamitengo yotsika kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, ma inverters ndi "ubongo" wama projekiti osungira mphamvu, ndipo zotsatira zake pakuchita ntchito ndi kubweza ndizofunikira.komabe, msika wa inverter wosungira mphamvu ukadali "watsopano komanso wamwazikana".msika ukakhwima, mtengo wa inverter yosungirako mphamvu ukuyembekezeka kutsika m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.
2. kusowa standardization
Otenga nawo gawo m'misika yoyambirira nthawi zambiri amayenera kuyankha pazofunikira zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo ndikusangalala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana.wothandizira batri ndizosiyana.Izi mosakayikira zimawonjezera zovuta ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali wamtengo wapatali, kupangitsa kusowa kwa miyezo kukhala cholepheretsa chitukuko cha mafakitale.
3. Kuchedwa kwa ndondomeko ya mafakitale ndi kupanga msika
monga momwe kuwonekera kwa matekinoloje omwe akubwera kunganenedweratu, zimanenedweratu kuti ndondomeko za mafakitale zikutsalira kumbuyo kwa matekinoloje osungira mphamvu omwe alipo masiku ano.padziko lonse lapansi, ndondomeko zamakono zamakampani zimapangidwira musanayambe njira zatsopano zosungiramo mphamvu, zomwe sizizindikira kusinthasintha kwa machitidwe osungira mphamvu kapena kupanga malo ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.komabe, ndondomeko zambiri zikusintha malamulo a msika wothandizira kuti athandizire kutumizira mphamvu zosungiramo mphamvu.Kuthekera kwa makina osungira mphamvu za batri kuti apititse patsogolo kusinthika kwa gridi ndi kudalirika kumawonetsedwanso, ndichifukwa chake olamulira amakonda kuyang'ana koyamba pamsika wamagetsi wamba.Malamulo ogulitsa amafunikanso kusinthidwa kuti apange chidwi ndi machitidwe osungira mphamvu kwa ogula nyumba ndi zotsalira za mafuta.
Mpaka pano, zokambirana m'derali zakhala zikuyang'ana pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitengo yanzeru kapena yokhazikika yogawana nthawi.popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mlingo wa sitepe ndi sitepe, kusungirako mphamvu ya batri kumataya chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri: kusunga magetsi pamtengo wotsika ndikugulitsa pamtengo wapamwamba.Ngakhale kuti kugawana nthawi sikunakhalebe chikhalidwe chapadziko lonse lapansi, izi zitha kusintha mwachangu popeza ma smart metres amayambitsidwa bwino m'maiko ambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-29-2021
