Photovoltaic system

Makina a Photovoltaic nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'makina odziyimira pawokha, makina olumikizidwa ndi gridi ndi machitidwe osakanizidwa.Malinga ndi fomu yofunsira, kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi mtundu wa katundu wa solar photovoltaic system, imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu isanu ndi umodzi.

kuyambitsidwa kwadongosolo

Malinga ndi fomu yofunsira, kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi mtundu wa katundu wa solar photovoltaic system, mphamvu yamagetsi ya photovoltaic iyenera kugawidwa mwatsatanetsatane.Machitidwe a photovoltaic angathenso kugawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi limodzi otsatirawa: dongosolo laling'ono lamagetsi a dzuwa (DC Yaing'ono);dongosolo losavuta la DC (DC Yosavuta);dongosolo lalikulu lamagetsi adzuwa (Large DC);AC ndi DC magetsi magetsi (AC/DC);Njira yolumikizidwa ndi gridi (Utility Grid Connect);hybrid power supply system (Hybrid);grid yolumikizidwa ndi hybrid system.Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi makhalidwe a dongosolo lililonse akufotokozedwa pansipa.

dongosolo lamagetsi

Makhalidwe amagetsi ang'onoang'ono opangira mphamvu ya dzuwa ndikuti pali katundu wa DC okha mu dongosolo ndipo mphamvu yonyamula katundu ndi yochepa, dongosolo lonse liri ndi dongosolo losavuta komanso losavuta kugwira ntchito.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi makina apakhomo, zinthu zosiyanasiyana za DC za anthu wamba ndi zida zina zosangalatsa.Mwachitsanzo, kudera lakumadzulo kwa dziko langa, mtundu uwu wa photovoltaic wagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo katunduyo ndi nyali ya DC, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa vuto la kuunikira kwapakhomo m'madera opanda magetsi.

DC system

Makhalidwe a dongosololi ndikuti katundu mu dongosolo ndi katundu wa DC ndipo palibe chofunikira chapadera pa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito katunduyo.Katunduyo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka masana, kotero palibe batire yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dongosolo, ndipo palibe wowongolera yemwe amafunikira.Dongosololi lili ndi dongosolo losavuta ndipo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji.Pulogalamu ya photovoltaic imapereka mphamvu kwa katundu, kuthetsa kusungirako ndi kutulutsa mphamvu mu batri, komanso kutaya mphamvu kwa wolamulira, ndikuwongolera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapampu amadzi a PV, zida zina zosakhalitsa masana komanso malo ena oyendera alendo.Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa njira yosavuta ya DC PV pump.Dongosololi lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m’maiko omwe akutukuka kumene kumene kulibe madzi apampopi abwino akumwa, ndipo apanga mapindu abwino a anthu.

Mphamvu zazikulu za dzuwa

Poyerekeza ndi ma photovoltaic awiri omwe ali pamwambawa, makina akuluakulu a photovoltaic amphamvu kwambiri a dzuwa akadali oyenera kumagetsi a DC, koma mtundu uwu wa photovoltaic system nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu yolemetsa.Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu yokhazikika yonyamula katunduyo, yofanana yake Kukula kwa dongosololi kulinso kwakukulu, ndipo kumafunika kukhala ndi ma modules ambiri a photovoltaic ndi paketi yaikulu ya batri.mafomu ake wamba ntchito monga kulankhulana, telemetry, kuyan'anila zida mphamvu magetsi, chapakati magetsi m'madera akumidzi, nyali zounikira, magetsi mumsewu, etc. Fomu iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ena opangira magetsi a photovoltaic akumidzi omwe amamangidwa m'malo ena opanda magetsi kumadzulo kwanga. dziko, ndi malo oyambira olumikizirana omangidwa ndi China Mobile ndi China Unicom kumadera akutali opanda ma gridi amagetsi amagwiritsanso ntchito dongosolo ili la photovoltaic popereka mphamvu.Monga ntchito yolumikizira malo olumikizirana ku Wanjiazhai, Shanxi.

Makina opangira magetsi a AC ndi DC

Mosiyana ndi machitidwe atatu omwe ali pamwambawa a photovoltaic, photovoltaic system iyi ikhoza kupereka mphamvu kwa katundu wa DC ndi AC nthawi imodzi, ndipo imakhala ndi ma inverters ambiri kuposa machitidwe atatu omwe ali pamwambawa potengera dongosolo la dongosolo, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza mphamvu ya DC kukhala AC. mphamvu kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za katundu wa AC.Nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi pamakina otere kumakhalanso kwakukulu, kotero kukula kwa dongosololi kumakhalanso kwakukulu.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ena olumikizirana omwe ali ndi katundu wa AC ndi DC ndi magetsi ena opangira magetsi okhala ndi AC ndi DC.

Njira yolumikizidwa ndi gridi

Chinthu chachikulu cha dongosololi la photovoltaic la dzuwa ndilokuti magetsi opangidwa ndi photovoltaic array amasinthidwa kukhala alternating current yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira za gridi yamagetsi kupyolera mu grid-yolumikizidwa inverter ndiyeno imagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi intaneti ya mains.Kunja kwa katunduyo, mphamvu zowonjezera zimadyetsedwa ku gridi.M'masiku amvula kapena usiku, pamene chithunzi cha photovoltaic sichimapanga magetsi kapena magetsi opangidwa sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira zolemetsa, zimayendetsedwa ndi gridi.Chifukwa mphamvu yamagetsi imalowetsedwa mwachindunji mu gridi yamagetsi, kasinthidwe ka batri kasiyidwa, ndipo njira yosungira ndi kumasula batire imasungidwa.Komabe, inverter yodzipatulira yolumikizidwa ndi gridi ikufunika mu dongosolo kuti zitsimikizire kuti mphamvu yotulutsa imakwaniritsa zofunikira zamagetsi amagetsi, ma frequency ndi zizindikiro zina.Chifukwa cha vuto la inverter, padzakhalabe kutaya mphamvu.Makina oterowo nthawi zambiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito komanso ma module a solar PV mofananira ngati magwero amagetsi onyamula katundu wamba wa AC.Kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwa mphamvu kwa dongosolo lonse kumachepetsedwa.Kuphatikiza apo, makina olumikizidwa ndi gridi a PV amatha kutenga nawo gawo pakuwongolera pagulu lamagetsi.Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a gululi olumikizidwa ndi gululi, Soying Electric yakwanitsa kupanga inverter yolumikizidwa ndi grid ya solar zaka zingapo zapitazo, yomwe idapangidwa mwapadera kuti ibwezeretsenso mphamvu yamagetsi ndi zopindulitsa zosiyanasiyana komanso zotayika.Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwapangidwa, ndipo zovuta zingapo zaukadaulo zagonjetsedwa panjira yolumikizidwa ndi grid.

Dongosolo lophatikizika

Kuphatikiza pa ma module a solar photovoltaic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu solar photovoltaic system, jenereta yamafuta imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mphamvu yosungira.Cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito makina ophatikizira magetsi osakanizidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mozama zabwino zamaukadaulo osiyanasiyana opangira magetsi ndikupewa zofooka zawo.Mwachitsanzo, ubwino wa machitidwe odziimira okha a photovoltaic omwe tatchulidwa pamwambawa ndi osasamalidwa pang'ono, ndipo choyipa chake ndikuti mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu imadalira nyengo komanso yosakhazikika.

Njira yosakanizidwa yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito majenereta a dizilo ndi ma photovoltaic arrays angapereke mphamvu zopanda mphamvu za nyengo poyerekeza ndi mphamvu imodzi yokha.

Makina ophatikizika ophatikizika a gridi

Ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale a solar optoelectronics, makina opangira magetsi osakanikirana ndi gridi omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mozama ma module a solar photovoltaic module, mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito ndi majenereta osungira mafuta atuluka.Mtundu uwu wa dongosolo nthawi zambiri integrates Mtsogoleri ndi inverter, ntchito Chip kompyuta mokwanira kulamulira ntchito dongosolo lonse, momveka bwino ntchito magwero osiyanasiyana mphamvu kukwaniritsa bwino ntchito boma, ndipo angagwiritsenso ntchito mabatire kupititsa patsogolo dongosolo katundu mphamvu. Chitsimikizo chopereka, monga AES's SMD inverter system.Dongosololi limatha kupereka mphamvu zoyenerera pazonyamula zakomweko ndipo zimatha kugwira ntchito ngati UPS yapaintaneti (Uninterruptible Power Supply).Mphamvu zitha kuperekedwanso kapena kupezedwa kuchokera pagululi.Njira yogwirira ntchito ya dongosololi nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi mphamvu zamalonda ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa.Kwa katundu wamba, ngati mphamvu yopangidwa ndi ma photovoltaic modules ndi yokwanira kuti katunduyo agwiritse ntchito, adzagwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji mphamvu yopangidwa ndi ma photovoltaic modules kuti apereke zosowa za katunduyo.Ngati mphamvu yopangidwa ndi ma photovoltaic modules imaposa kufunikira kwa katundu wachangu, mphamvu yowonjezera imatha kubwezeredwanso ku gridi;ngati mphamvu yopangidwa ndi ma modules a photovoltaic ndi yosakwanira, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha, ndipo mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito idzagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zofunikira za katundu wamba.Pamene mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito katunduyo ndi yocheperapo 60% ya mphamvu yoyendetsera magetsi ya SMD inverter, mains adzawalipiritsa batire kuti atsimikizire kuti batire ili mumalo oyandama kwa nthawi yayitali;ngati mains alephera, ndiye kuti, kulephera kwamphamvu kwa mains kapena mains. ndi batire ndi inverter.Ma mains akabwerera mwakale, ndiye kuti, ma voliyumu ndi ma frequency amabwerera ku zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, makinawo amachotsa batire, kusintha mawonekedwe olumikizidwa ndi gridi, ndikupereka mphamvu kuchokera ku mains.M'makina ena ophatikizira magetsi osakanizidwa a gridi, kuyang'anira kachitidwe, kuwongolera ndi ntchito zopezera deta zitha kuphatikizidwanso mu chipangizo chowongolera.Zigawo zazikulu za dongosolo loterolo ndizowongolera ndi inverter.

Off-Grid Photovoltaic System

Njira yopangira mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi mtundu watsopano wamagetsi omwe amapanga magetsi kuchokera ku ma module a photovoltaic, amayang'anira kulipira ndi kutulutsa batire kudzera pa wowongolera, ndipo amapereka mphamvu zamagetsi ku katundu wa DC kapena katundu wa AC kudzera pa inverter. .Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapiri, zilumba, madera akutali amapiri ndi ntchito zamunda zomwe zimakhala zovuta.Ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati magetsi opangira mauthenga oyambira, mabokosi owonetsera malonda, magetsi a mumsewu, etc. Photovoltaic power generation system imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zachilengedwe zosatha, zomwe zingathe kuthetsa mkangano wa zofuna m'madera omwe ali ndi kusowa kwa mphamvu ndi kuthetsa mavuto a magetsi. moyo ndi kulankhulana kumadera akutali.Kupititsa patsogolo chilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika cha anthu.

Ntchito zadongosolo

Photovoltaic panels ndi zigawo zopangira mphamvu.Photovoltaic controller imasintha ndikuwongolera mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa.Kumbali imodzi, mphamvu yosinthidwa imatumizidwa ku katundu wa DC kapena katundu wa AC, ndipo kumbali ina, mphamvu yowonjezereka imatumizidwa ku paketi ya batri kuti isungidwe.Pamene magetsi opangidwa sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira zolemetsa Pamene wolamulira amatumiza mphamvu ya batri ku katundu.Battery ikatha, wowongolera amayenera kuwongolera batire kuti isapitirire.Mphamvu yamagetsi yosungidwa mu batire ikatha, wowongolera amayenera kuyang'anira batire kuti lisapitirire kwambiri kuteteza batire.Pamene ntchito ya wolamulira si yabwino, idzakhudza kwambiri moyo wautumiki wa batri ndipo pamapeto pake imakhudza kudalirika kwa dongosolo.Ntchito ya batri ndikusunga mphamvu kuti katunduyo azitha kuyenda usiku kapena m'masiku amvula.Inverter imayang'anira kusintha mphamvu ya DC kukhala mphamvu ya AC kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi katundu wa AC.