Maselo a dzuwa

Maselo a dzuwa amagawidwa kukhala crystalline silicon ndi amorphous silicon, omwe maselo a crystalline silicon amatha kugawidwa m'maselo a monocrystalline ndi maselo a polycrystalline;mphamvu ya silicon monocrystalline ndi yosiyana ndi ya crystalline silicon.

Gulu:

Maselo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma solar crystalline silicon ku China amatha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:

Crystal imodzi 125 * 125

Crystal imodzi 156 * 156

Polycrystalline 156 * 156

Crystal imodzi 150 * 150

Crystal imodzi 103 * 103

Polycrystalline 125 * 125

Njira yopanga:

Kapangidwe ka ma cell a solar amagawidwa kukhala silicon wafer kuyendera - kulemba pamwamba ndi pickling - makulidwe ophatikizika - dephosphorization silicon galasi - plasma etching ndi pickling - anti-reflection ❖ kuyanika - kusindikiza pazenera - Sintering Rapid, etc. Zambiri ndi izi:

1. Kuyang'ana kwachitsulo cha silicon

Ma silicon wafers ndi omwe amanyamula ma cell a solar, ndipo mawonekedwe a silicon wafers amatsimikizira mwachindunji kusinthika kwa ma cell a solar.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana zowotcha za silicon zomwe zikubwera.Izi makamaka ntchito Intaneti muyeso wa magawo luso la zopyapyala pakachitsulo, magawowa makamaka monga yopyapyala pamwamba unevenness, ochepa chonyamulira moyo, resistivity, P/N mtundu ndi microcracks, etc. , silicon wafer transfer, system integration part ndi ma module anayi ozindikira.Pakati pawo, chojambulira cha photovoltaic silicon wafer detector chimazindikira kusagwirizana kwa pamwamba pa silicon wafer, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amawona magawo a maonekedwe monga kukula ndi diagonal ya silicon wafer;gawo lodziwikiratu la micro-crack limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti lizindikire ming'alu yamkati ya silicon wafer;Komanso, pali zigawo ziwiri Kuzindikira, mmodzi wa zigawo mayeso Intaneti zimagwiritsa ntchito kuyesa chochuluka resistivity wa zopyapyala pakachitsulo ndi mtundu wa zopyapyala pakachitsulo, ndi gawo lina ntchito kudziwa ochepa chonyamulira moyo wa zopyapyala pakachitsulo.Pamaso kudziwika ochepa chonyamulira moyo ndi resistivity, m`pofunika kuti azindikire diagonal ndi yaying'ono ming`alu ya pakachitsulo chopindika, ndi basi kuchotsa kuonongeka pakachitsulo chophwanyika.Zida zowunikira za silicon wafer zimatha kutsitsa ndikutsitsa zowotcha, ndikuyika zinthu zosayenerera pamalo okhazikika, potero zimawongolera kulondola komanso kuchita bwino.

2. Pamwamba mawonekedwe

Kukonzekera kwa mawonekedwe a silicon ya monocrystalline ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha anisotropic etching cha silicon kupanga mamiliyoni a mapiramidi a tetrahedral, ndiko kuti, mapiramidi, pamwamba pa centimita iliyonse ya silicon.Chifukwa cha kuwunikira kambirimbiri komanso kusinthika kwa kuwala kwa zochitika pamtunda, kuyamwa kwa kuwala kumachulukira, ndipo kuwongolera kwanthawi yayitali komanso kusinthika kwa batire kumakhala bwino.The anisotropic etching solution ya silicon nthawi zambiri imakhala yotentha yamchere.Ma alkali omwe alipo ndi sodium hydroxide, potaziyamu hydroxide, lithiamu hydroxide ndi ethylenediamine.Ambiri mwa silicon ya suede amakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsika mtengo ya sodium hydroxide yokhala ndi pafupifupi 1%, ndipo kutentha kwa etching ndi 70-85 ° C.Kuti mupeze suede yunifolomu, zakumwa zoledzeretsa monga ethanol ndi isopropanol ziyeneranso kuwonjezeredwa ku yankho ngati ma complexing agents kuti apititse patsogolo kuwonongeka kwa silicon.Suede isanakonzedwe, chowotcha cha silicon chimayenera kuyikidwa pamalo oyambira, ndipo pafupifupi 20-25 μm imayikidwa ndi yankho la alkaline kapena acidic etching.Suede ikakhazikika, kuyeretsedwa kwamankhwala kumachitika.Zophika za silicon zokonzekera pamwamba siziyenera kusungidwa m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali kuti zisawonongeke, ndipo ziyenera kufalikira mwamsanga.

3. Kufalikira mfundo

Maselo a dzuwa amafunikira gawo lalikulu la PN kuti azindikire kutembenuka kwa mphamvu ya kuwala kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, ndipo ng'anjo yofalikira ndi zipangizo zapadera zopangira PN mphambano ya maselo a dzuwa.Mng'anjo ya ng'anjo ya tubular imapangidwa makamaka ndi zigawo zinayi: kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa boti la quartz, chipinda cha gasi chotulutsa mpweya, gawo la thupi la ng'anjo ndi gawo la nduna ya gasi.Diffusion nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito phosphorous oxychloride madzi gwero monga diffusion gwero.Ikani mkate wa silicon wamtundu wa P mu chidebe cha quartz cha ng'anjo ya tubular, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito nayitrogeni kubweretsa phosphorous oxychloride mu chidebe cha quartz pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa 850-900 digiri Celsius.Phosphorous oxychloride imakumana ndi chophatikizira cha silicon kuti ipeze phosphorous.atomu.Patapita nthawi, maatomu phosphorous kulowa pamwamba wosanjikiza wa silicon chophwanyidwa padziko lonse, ndi kulowa mkati ndi kufalikira mu chopatulira pakachitsulo kudzera mipata pakati pa maatomu pakachitsulo, kupanga mawonekedwe pakati pa N-mtundu semiconductor ndi P- lembani semiconductor, ndiye kuti, mphambano ya PN.Kuphatikizika kwa PN komwe kumapangidwa ndi njirayi kumakhala kofanana bwino, kusagwirizana kwa mapepala kumachepera 10%, ndipo moyo wonyamula ochepa ukhoza kukhala wamkulu kuposa 10ms.Kupanga makulidwe a PN ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ma cell a solar.Chifukwa ndi mapangidwe a mgwirizano wa PN, ma electron ndi mabowo sabwerera ku malo awo oyambirira atatha kuyenda, kotero kuti pakali pano apangidwe, ndipo panopa amachotsedwa ndi waya, yomwe imakhala yolunjika.

4. Dephosphorylation silicate galasi

Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma cell a dzuwa.Ndi etching yamankhwala, chowotcha cha silicon chimamizidwa mu njira ya hydrofluoric acid kuti ipange makemikolo kuti apange chosungunuka chosungunuka cha hexafluorosilicic acid kuti achotse njira yolumikizira.Galasi la phosphosilicate lomwe linapangidwa pamwamba pa silicon wafer pambuyo pa mphambano.Pakufalikira, POCL3 imakumana ndi O2 kupanga P2O5 yomwe imayikidwa pamwamba pa silicon wafer.P2O5 imakhudzidwa ndi Si kuti ipange SiO2 ndi maatomu a phosphorous, Mwa njira iyi, gawo la SiO2 lomwe lili ndi phosphorous limapangidwa pamwamba pa silicon wafer, yomwe imatchedwa galasi la phosphosilicate.Zida zochotsera magalasi a phosphorous silicate nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi thupi lalikulu, thanki yoyeretsera, servo drive system, mkono wamakina, makina owongolera magetsi komanso makina ogawa asidi.Magwero akuluakulu amagetsi ndi hydrofluoric acid, nayitrogeni, mpweya wothinikizidwa, madzi oyera, mphepo yotulutsa kutentha ndi madzi otayira.Hydrofluoric acid imasungunula silika chifukwa hydrofluoric acid imakumana ndi silika kuti ipange mpweya wokhazikika wa silicon tetrafluoride.Ngati asidi hydrofluoric ndi mopitirira muyeso, ndi pakachitsulo tetrafluoride opangidwa ndi anachita adzapitiriza anachita ndi asidi hydrofluoric kupanga sungunuka zovuta, hexafluorosilicic acid.

5. Kutsekemera kwa plasma

Popeza panthawi ya kufalikira, ngakhale kufalikira kwa msana ndi kumbuyo kumatengedwa, phosphorous idzafalikira pamalo onse kuphatikizapo m'mphepete mwa silicon wafer.Ma elekitironi opangidwa ndi zithunzi omwe amasonkhanitsidwa kutsogolo kwa mphambano ya PN adzayenda m'mphepete mwa malo omwe phosphorous imafalikira kumbuyo kwa mphambano ya PN, kuchititsa dera lalifupi.Chifukwa chake, silicon ya doped mozungulira cell solar iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti ichotse mphambano ya PN m'mphepete mwa cell.Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira za plasma etching.Plasma etching ndi yotsika kuthamanga boma, mamolekyu kholo a zotakasika mpweya CF4 amasangalala ndi wailesi pafupipafupi mphamvu kupanga ionization ndi kupanga plasma.Plasma imapangidwa ndi ma electron ndi ma ion.Pansi pa mphamvu ya ma electron, mpweya mu chipinda chochitiramo ukhoza kuyamwa mphamvu ndikupanga magulu ambiri ogwira ntchito kuwonjezera pa kusandulika ma ions.Magulu ogwira ntchito yogwira ntchito amafika pamwamba pa SiO2 chifukwa cha kufalikira kapena pansi pa mphamvu ya magetsi, kumene amachitira mankhwala ndi pamwamba pa zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa, ndikupanga zinthu zowonongeka zomwe zimalekanitsidwa ndi zinthu zomwe ziyenera kukhala. okhazikika, ndipo amapopedwa kuchokera pabowo ndi vacuum system.

6. Anti-reflection ❖ kuyanika

The reflectivity wa opukutidwa silicon pamwamba ndi 35%.Kuti muchepetse mawonekedwe a pamwamba ndikuwongolera kusinthika kwa cell, ndikofunikira kuyika filimu ya silicon nitride anti-reflection.Popanga mafakitale, zida za PECVD nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera mafilimu otsutsa-reflection.PECVD ndi plasma yopititsa patsogolo mpweya wa mankhwala.Mfundo yake luso ndi ntchito otsika kutentha plasma monga gwero la mphamvu, chitsanzo anaika pa cathode wa kumaliseche kuwala pansi kupanikizika otsika, kutulutsa kuwala ntchito kutenthetsa chitsanzo kutentha anakonzeratu, ndiyeno mlingo woyenera wa Mpweya wokhazikika wa SiH4 ndi NH3 umayambitsidwa.Pambuyo pa machitidwe a mankhwala ndi machitidwe a plasma, filimu yolimba-state, ndiko kuti, filimu ya silicon nitride, imapangidwa pamwamba pa chitsanzo.Nthawi zambiri, makulidwe a filimu yomwe imayikidwa ndi njira yowonjezeretsa mpweya wa plasma ndi pafupifupi 70 nm.Mafilimu a makulidwe awa ali ndi magwiridwe antchito.Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya kusokoneza filimu yopyapyala, kuwonetsetsa kwa kuwala kumatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, kufupikitsa kwafupipafupi komanso kutuluka kwa batri kumawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu zake zimakhalanso bwino kwambiri.

7. chophimba kusindikiza

Pambuyo pa selo la dzuwa ladutsa njira zolembera, kufalikira ndi PECVD, mgwirizano wa PN wapangidwa, womwe ukhoza kupanga panopa pansi pa kuunikira.Pofuna kutumiza kunja kwakali pano, m'pofunika kupanga maelekitirodi abwino ndi oipa pamwamba pa batri.Pali njira zambiri zopangira maelekitirodi, ndipo kusindikiza pazenera ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri yopangira ma electrode a solar cell.Kusindikiza pazenera ndikusindikiza chithunzi chodziwikiratu pa gawo lapansi pogwiritsa ntchito embossing.Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi magawo atatu: kusindikiza kwa silver-aluminium paste kuseri kwa batire, kusindikiza kwa aluminiyamu kumbuyo kwa batire, ndi kusindikiza kwa silver-paste kutsogolo kwa batire.Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndi: gwiritsani ntchito mauna a chinsalu kuti mulowe mu slurry, ikani kukakamiza kwina pa slurry mbali ya chinsalu ndi scraper, ndikusunthira kumbali ina ya chinsalu nthawi yomweyo.Inkiyo imafinyidwa kuchokera ku mauna a gawo lojambula kupita ku gawo lapansi ndi squeegee pamene ikuyenda.Chifukwa cha zotsatira za viscous za phala, chosindikiziracho chimakhazikika mkati mwamtundu wina, ndipo squeegee nthawi zonse imakhala yolumikizana ndi mbale yosindikizira chophimba ndi gawo lapansi panthawi yosindikiza, ndipo mzere wolumikizana umayenda ndi kayendedwe ka squeegee kuti amalize. chosindikizira chosindikizira.

8. sintering mofulumira

Chophimba chosindikizidwa cha silicon sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji.Iyenera kutenthedwa mwachangu mu ng'anjo yoyaka moto kuti iwotche organic resin binder, kusiya pafupifupi maelekitirodi asiliva angwiro omwe amatsatiridwa kwambiri ndi silicon wafer chifukwa chakuchita kwa galasi.Pamene kutentha kwa elekitirodi siliva ndi crystalline silikoni kufika kutentha eutectic, ndi maatomu crystalline pakachitsulo Integrated mu wosungunula siliva elekitirodi chuma mu gawo lina, potero kupanga ohmic kukhudzana cha chapamwamba ndi m'munsi maelekitirodi, ndi kuwongolera dera lotseguka. voteji ndi kudzaza chinthu cha cell.Chofunikira chachikulu ndikuchipangitsa kukhala ndi mikhalidwe yokana kuti ipititse patsogolo kutembenuka kwa cell.

Ng'anjo yoyaka moto imagawidwa m'magawo atatu: pre-sintering, sintering, ndi kuzizira.Cholinga cha pre-sintering siteji ndi kuwola ndi kuwotcha polima binder mu slurry, ndipo kutentha kumakwera pang'onopang'ono panthawiyi;mu sintering siteji, zosiyanasiyana thupi ndi mankhwala zimachitikira mu sintered thupi kupanga resistive filimu dongosolo, kupangitsa kwenikweni resistive., kutentha kumafika pachimake pamenepa;mu siteji yozizira ndi yozizira, galasi imakhazikika, yolimba ndi yolimba, kotero kuti mawonekedwe a filimu otsutsa amatsatiridwa mokhazikika ku gawo lapansi.

9. Zozungulira

Popanga ma cell, zida zotumphukira monga magetsi, magetsi, madzi, ngalande, HVAC, vacuum, ndi nthunzi yapadera zimafunikanso.Chitetezo cha moto ndi zida zotetezera zachilengedwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo ndi chitukuko chokhazikika.Kwa mzere wopangira ma cell a solar omwe umatulutsa 50MW pachaka, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zogwirira ntchito ndi zida zamagetsi zokha ndi pafupifupi 1800KW.Kuchuluka kwa njira madzi oyera ndi pafupifupi matani 15 pa ola, ndi zofunika madzi khalidwe kukwaniritsa EW-1 luso muyezo wa China magetsi kalasi madzi GB/T11446.1-1997.Kuchuluka kwa njira yoziziritsira madzi ndi pafupifupi matani 15 pa ola limodzi, kukula kwa tinthu mumtundu wamadzi sikuyenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa ma microns 10, ndipo kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kukhala 15-20 ° C.Voliyumu yotulutsa vacuum ndi pafupifupi 300M3/H.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pafupifupi ma cubic metres 20 a matanki osungira nitrogen ndi 10 cubic metres a matanki osungira okosijeni amafunikanso.Poganizira za chitetezo cha mpweya wapadera monga silane, m'pofunikanso kukhazikitsa chipinda chapadera cha gasi kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo chopanga.Kuphatikiza apo, nsanja zoyaka moto za silane ndi malo operekera zimbudzi ndizofunikiranso popanga ma cell.