Mfundo ntchito ya inverter:
Pakatikati pa chipangizo cha inverter ndi inverter switch circuit, yomwe imatchedwa kuti inverter circuit mwachidule.Dera limamaliza ntchito ya inverter poyatsa ndi kuzimitsa chosinthira zamagetsi zamagetsi.
Mawonekedwe:
(1) Kuchita bwino kwambiri kumafunika.
Chifukwa cha mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa maselo a dzuwa pakalipano, kuti tipititse patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito maselo a dzuwa ndi kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, tiyenera kuyesa kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya inverter.
(2) Kudalirika kwakukulu kumafunika.
Pakali pano, dongosolo la magetsi la photovoltaic limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kumadera akutali, ndipo malo ambiri opangira magetsi sakhala osayang'aniridwa ndi kusamalidwa, zomwe zimafuna kuti inverter ikhale ndi dongosolo loyendera dera, kusankha chigawo chokhwima, ndipo kumafuna kuti inverter ikhale ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zotetezera, monga monga: athandizira DC polarity reverse chitetezo, AC linanena bungwe chitetezo dera lalifupi, kutenthedwa, chitetezo mochulukira, etc.
(3) Mphamvu yolowera ikufunika kuti ikhale ndi mitundu yambiri yosinthira.
Chifukwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya cell solar imasiyanasiyana ndi katundu komanso mphamvu ya dzuwa.Makamaka betri ikakalamba, mphamvu yake yotsiriza imasiyana mosiyanasiyana.Mwachitsanzo, pa batire ya 12V, magetsi ake amatha kusiyana pakati pa 10V ndi 16V, zomwe zimafuna kuti inverter igwire ntchito bwino mkati mwamtundu waukulu wamagetsi a DC.
Photovoltaic inverter classification:
Pali njira zambiri zosinthira ma inverters.Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo a AC voteji yotulutsa ndi inverter, imatha kugawidwa m'magawo amodzi ndi ma inverters agawo atatu;Amagawidwa kukhala ma transistor inverters, ma thyristor inverters ndi ma inverters a thyristor.Malinga ndi mfundo ya dera inverter, akhoza kugawidwa mu kudzikonda oscillation inverter, anaponda yoweyula superposition inverter ndi zimachitika m'lifupi modulation inverter.Malinga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mu gridi yolumikizidwa ndi grid kapena off-grid system, imatha kugawidwa mu grid-yolumikizidwa inverter ndi off-grid inverter.Pofuna kuthandizira ogwiritsa ntchito optoelectronic kusankha ma inverters, apa okha ma inverters amagawidwa malinga ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana.
1. Centralized inverter
Ukadaulo wa inverter wapakati ndikuti zingwe zingapo zofananira za photovoltaic zimalumikizidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa DC kwa inverter yapakati yomweyi.Nthawi zambiri, magawo atatu amagetsi a IGBT amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu yayikulu, ndipo ma transistors amtundu wagawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu yochepa.DSP imatembenuza woyang'anira kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu yamagetsi opangidwa, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale pafupi kwambiri ndi sine wave current, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina akuluakulu a magetsi a photovoltaic (> 10kW).Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti mphamvu ya dongosololi ndi yokwera komanso mtengo wake ndi wochepa, koma chifukwa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi zamakono zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya PV nthawi zambiri sizimagwirizana (makamaka pamene zingwe za PV zatsekedwa pang'ono chifukwa cha mitambo, mthunzi, madontho. , etc.), inverter yapakati imatengedwa.Kusintha kwa njira kudzachititsa kuti kuchepetsa mphamvu ya inverter ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kudalirika kwa mphamvu zamagetsi kwa dongosolo lonse la photovoltaic kumakhudzidwa ndi vuto losauka la gulu la photovoltaic unit.Njira yaposachedwa yofufuza ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera kwa ma vector mlengalenga komanso kupanga kulumikizana kwatsopano kwa ma inverter kuti azitha kuchita bwino kwambiri pakalemedwe pang'ono.
2. Inverter ya chingwe
Inverter ya chingwe imatengera lingaliro la modular.Chingwe chilichonse cha PV (1-5kw) chimadutsa pa inverter, chimakhala ndi nsonga yamphamvu kwambiri yotsata mbali ya DC, ndipo chimalumikizidwa mofananira mbali ya AC.Inverter yotchuka kwambiri pamsika.
Zomera zambiri zamphamvu za photovoltaic zimagwiritsa ntchito ma inverters a zingwe.Ubwino wake ndikuti sichimakhudzidwa ndi kusiyana kwa ma module ndi shading pakati pa zingwe, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kumachepetsa kusagwirizana pakati pa malo abwino kwambiri opangira ma module a photovoltaic ndi inverter, potero kumawonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi.Ubwino waukadaulo uwu sikuti ungochepetsa mtengo wadongosolo, komanso umawonjezera kudalirika kwadongosolo.Pa nthawi yomweyi, lingaliro la "mbuye-kapolo" limayambitsidwa pakati pa zingwe, kotero kuti dongosololi likhoza kugwirizanitsa magulu angapo a zingwe za photovoltaic pamodzi ndikulola mmodzi kapena angapo a iwo kugwira ntchito pansi pa chikhalidwe chomwe chingwe chimodzi cha mphamvu sichingapange. ntchito inverter imodzi., motero amapangira magetsi ochulukirapo.
Lingaliro laposachedwa ndilakuti ma inverters angapo amapanga "timu" wina ndi mnzake m'malo mwa lingaliro la "bwana-kapolo", lomwe limapangitsa kudalirika kwadongosolo kupita patsogolo.Pakalipano, ma inverters opanda zingwe a transfoma akhala akulamulira.
3. Micro inverter
M'dongosolo lachikhalidwe la PV, malekezero a DC a inverter ya chingwe chilichonse amalumikizidwa motsatizana ndi mapanelo 10 a photovoltaic.Pamene mapanelo a 10 alumikizidwa mndandanda, ngati wina sagwira ntchito bwino, chingwechi chidzakhudzidwa.Ngati MPPT yomweyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zambiri za inverter, zolowetsa zonse zidzakhudzidwa, kuchepetsa kwambiri mphamvu yopangira mphamvu.Muzogwiritsira ntchito, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zotsekeka monga mitambo, mitengo, chimney, nyama, fumbi, ayezi ndi matalala zidzayambitsa zinthu zomwe zili pamwambazi, ndipo izi ndizofala kwambiri.Mu dongosolo la PV la micro-inverter, gulu lirilonse limagwirizanitsidwa ndi micro-inverter.Imodzi mwa mapanelo ikalephera kugwira ntchito bwino, gululi lokha ndilomwe lidzakhudzidwa.Mapanelo ena onse a PV azigwira ntchito bwino, kupangitsa kuti dongosolo lonse likhale logwira mtima komanso lipangitse mphamvu zambiri.Muzogwiritsira ntchito, ngati inverter ya chingwe ikulephera, idzapangitsa ma kilowatts angapo a solar panels kulephera kugwira ntchito, pamene zotsatira za kulephera kwa micro-inverter ndizochepa kwambiri.
4. Mphamvu optimizer
Kuyika kwa chowonjezera mphamvu mumagetsi opangira mphamvu ya dzuwa kumatha kusintha kwambiri kusintha kwachangu, ndikuchepetsa ntchito za inverter kuti muchepetse ndalama.Kuti muzindikire njira yabwino yopangira mphamvu ya solar, chowonjezera mphamvu cha chipangizocho chimatha kupangitsa kuti selo lililonse la dzuwa lizigwira bwino ntchito ndikuwunika momwe mabatire amagwiritsidwira ntchito nthawi iliyonse.Mphamvu optimizer ndi chipangizo pakati pa mphamvu zopangira magetsi ndi inverter, ndipo ntchito yake yaikulu ndi m'malo choyambirira mulingo woyenera kwambiri mphamvu kutsatira mfundo ya inverter.Mphamvu yowonjezera mphamvu imagwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri pakuwunika kwamphamvu pofanizira ndikuwongolera dera komanso selo limodzi la solar limafanana ndi chowonjezera mphamvu, kotero kuti selo lililonse la solar litha kukwaniritsa kutsata kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, Kuphatikiza apo, batire ikhoza kukhala kuyang'aniridwa nthawi iliyonse komanso paliponse poyika chipangizo choyankhulirana, ndipo vuto likhoza kufotokozedwa mwamsanga kuti ogwira nawo ntchito akonze mwamsanga.
Ntchito ya photovoltaic inverter
Inverter sikuti imakhala ndi ntchito ya kutembenuka kwa DC-AC yokha, komanso imakhala ndi ntchito yowonjezera ntchito ya selo ya dzuwa ndi ntchito ya chitetezo cha machitidwe.Mwachidule, pali ntchito zodziwikiratu ndi kuzimitsa, ntchito yoyang'anira mphamvu yayikulu, ntchito yolimbana ndi odziyimira pawokha (ya makina olumikizidwa ndi gridi), ntchito yosinthira magetsi (yamagetsi olumikizidwa ndi grid), ntchito yozindikira ya DC (ya grid- makina olumikizidwa), Ntchito yowunikira ya DC (yamakina olumikizidwa ndi grid).Pano pali chidule chachidule cha ntchito zodziwikiratu ndi ntchito zotsekera komanso ntchito yowongolera yowongolera mphamvu.
(1) Ntchito yokhayokha ndi kuyimitsa ntchito
Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa dzuwa m'mawa, mphamvu ya dzuwa imawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kutuluka kwa selo la dzuwa kumawonjezeka.Pamene mphamvu yotulutsa yofunikira ndi inverter ikufika, inverter imayamba kuthamanga yokha.Pambuyo pogwira ntchito, inverter idzayang'anira kutuluka kwa module ya solar cell nthawi zonse.Malingana ngati mphamvu yotulutsa gawo la selo la dzuwa ndi lalikulu kuposa mphamvu yotulutsa yomwe imafunika kuti inverter igwire ntchito, inverter idzapitirizabe kuyenda;idzaima dzuŵa litalowa, ngakhale kutakhala mitambo ndi mvula.Inverter imathanso kugwira ntchito.Pamene kutuluka kwa gawo la selo la dzuwa kumakhala kochepa ndipo kutulutsa kwa inverter kuli pafupi ndi 0, inverter idzapanga dziko loyimilira.
(2) Ntchito yolamulira yowunikira mphamvu kwambiri
Kutulutsa kwa module ya solar cell kumasiyanasiyana ndi mphamvu ya ma radiation ya dzuwa ndi kutentha kwa solar cell module yokha (chip kutentha).Kuonjezera apo, popeza gawo la selo la dzuwa liri ndi khalidwe loti voteji imachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwamakono, pali malo abwino ogwirira ntchito omwe mphamvu zambiri zingapezeke.Kuchuluka kwa ma radiation a dzuwa kukusintha, ndipo mwachiwonekere malo abwino ogwirira ntchito akusinthanso.Malingana ndi kusintha kumeneku, malo ogwiritsira ntchito ma modules a solar cell nthawi zonse amakhala pamtunda waukulu wa mphamvu, ndipo dongosololi nthawi zonse limalandira mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu kuchokera ku module ya solar cell.Kuwongolera uku ndiko kuwongolera kwambiri kotsata mphamvu.Chofunikira chachikulu cha ma inverters a solar power system ndikuti amaphatikiza ntchito ya maximum power point tracking (MPPT).
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-26-2022
